U.S. Trade Surplus Countries: No Special Treatment?

March 31, 2025 9:04 AM UTC

Quick dilutions of tariffs or exemption will likely be slow in coming for countries that the U.S. has trade surpluses with, as the Trump administration are currently more focused on tariffs for tax revenue and trying to switch production back to the U.S. than trade deals.  Trade policy uncertainty

Banxico Review: Lowering Rates Amid Tariffs

March 29, 2025 9:29 PM UTC

Mexico’s Central Bank (Banxico) has cut the policy rate by 50 bps to 9%, in line with market expectations. The tone of the communiqué suggests a more dovish stance, with the board moving towards a neutral rate. Inflation has reached its lowest level since 2021, while economic growth has slowed. B

March Outlook: Navigating the Turbulence

March 27, 2025 10:30 AM UTC

All chapters of the March Outlook are now available and simply click the link below. 

Car Tariffs Then Lenient Reciprocal Tariffs?

March 27, 2025 8:59 AM UTC

   The 25% tariffs on cars underlines that tariffs are not just about getting better trade deals, but in Trump’s view raising (tax) revenue and trying to shift production back to the U.S. Combined with other tariffs being implemented, plus policy uncertainty, we see a moderate overall hit from t

LatAm Outlook: Navigating the Uncertainty

March 26, 2025 9:56 PM UTC

·       Brazil and Mexico economy are likely to decelerate in terms of growth in 2025, although we see this being stronger in Mexico. Mexico institutional reforms and its close ties with U.S. increases uncertainty for 2025, especially after Trump victory, and the menaces of Trump imposing tar

Outlook Overview: Navigating the Turbulence

March 26, 2025 9:30 AM UTC

·       More tariffs will arrive from the U.S. from April with product (car, pharma, semiconductors and lumber) and reciprocal tariffs. President Trump has a 3-part approach to tariffs to raise (tax) revenue; bring production back to the U.S. and get fairer trade deals.  This means some of t

EMFX Outlook: Divergence versus the USD

March 26, 2025 9:16 AM UTC

EM currencies will be helped by the ongoing USD downtrend against DM currencies, but prospects also depend on relative inflation differentials versus the USD and starting point in terms of valuations.  The Brazilian Real (BRL), Mexican Peso (MXN) and Indonesian Rupiah (IDR) should all make modest s

Asia/Pacific (ex-China/Japan) Outlook: Resilience Through Realignment

March 25, 2025 10:44 AM UTC

·       In 2025, growth across emerging Asia will remain steady but uneven, with investment-driven economies such as India and Malaysia outperforming on the back of infrastructure and industrial policy momentum. While global demand is set to recover modestly, geopolitical friction and tariff

Trump Product and Reciprocal Tariffs

March 21, 2025 9:00 AM UTC

It appears that we will get bad news from April 2 on extra tariffs before any good news.  Firstly, the announcement effect of tariffs for many countries and extra products will hurt U.S. business and consumer sentiment.  Secondly, part of the reason for tariffs is extra tax revenue and to try to s

Bank Indonesia Holds Steady Amid Fiscal Fears and Rupiah Rout

March 20, 2025 7:49 AM UTC

Bank Indonesia has decided to maintain its benchmark interest rate at 5.75%, reflecting a cautious stance amid the rupiah's depreciation and mixed economic signals. With the rupiah near five-year lows and influenced by external uncertainties, the central bank is balancing the need to support economi

China: Mixed Early 2025 Data and Policy Stimulus

March 17, 2025 9:17 AM UTC

Headline industrial production and retail sales were better than expected, but the breakdown of the data shows a mixed picture for consumption and residential investment remains a negative drag on GDP before the 20% U.S. tariffs hits.  Meanwhile, though the weekend policy announcement on boosting d

Bank Indonesia Policy Review: Rate Pause As BI Remains Watchful

March 17, 2025 6:45 AM UTC

Bank Indonesia's upcoming monetary policy decisions will hinge on a delicate balance of domestic economic indicators and global financial conditions. With a focus now tilted slightly more towards economic growth than in previous years, BI could surprise markets with its timing and decisions, dependi

Trump’s Policies and U.S. Equities

March 13, 2025 8:35 AM UTC

Models would suggest that the current and prospective direct tariff impact should slow GDP growth to a 1.5% pace, which should see slow Fed easing in 2025 given the boost to inflation. However, the policy uncertainty means that business and consumer behaviour could see a large adverse hit that keeps

Argentina: Fresh IMF Deal on the Pipeline

March 12, 2025 12:00 AM UTC

The Argentine government has issued an emergency decree to authorize a new IMF deal, potentially worth USD 20 billion, to pay off Treasury debt to the Central Bank. This deal includes a 4-year grace period and 10-year repayment terms. The government aims to stabilize reserves, delay debt amortizatio

Trump and Dollar Policies

March 10, 2025 6:04 AM UTC

   The Trump administration could decide to more broadly talk the USD down or less likely try to reach a cooperative Mar A Lago accord with big DM and EM countries. A more cohesive alternative is a forced currency deal for countries to appreciate their currencies to avoid more tariffs and withdraw

Mexico: Uncertainty Mounts as Tariffs Are Imposed

March 5, 2025 2:43 PM UTC

Trump's administration has moved forward with 25% tariffs on Mexican imports, citing drug trafficking and migration issues. Mexico’s President Sheinbaum has stated retaliatory measures will be announced on March 9. The tariffs could push Mexico into recession in 2025, although we forecast growth a

Trump Tariffs and U.S. Business and Consumer Sentiment

March 3, 2025 9:02 AM UTC

 •    Mexico and Canada are trying to frantically find solutions to delay across the board tariffs again, though the U.S. is hinting that the rate could be less than 25%.  China extra 10% tariff remains likely, as the U.S. increases trade pressure on China.  More tariffs also remain highly

Mexico: Labour Market Decelerating as Expected

February 28, 2025 5:53 PM UTC

Mexico's labor market remains strong with an unemployment rate of 2.7%, but signs of deceleration are emerging. Worker affiliation to the pension system and wage growth are slowing, and some job creation stagnation is expected, potentially pushing the unemployment rate above 3%. A technical recessio

Argentina: Recovery Complete?

February 27, 2025 2:32 PM UTC

Argentina’s economy showed signs of recovery in December, growing 0.5% m/m and 1.2% q/q in Q4, with a 4.7% annual increase. The banking and trade sectors saw strong growth, but construction and industry stagnated. Despite progress, challenges remain, including inflation above 2%, a current account

Rate Cuts on the Horizon: RBI Signals Confidence in Inflation Outlook

February 24, 2025 1:50 AM UTC

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is tilting toward additional interest rate cuts to stimulate economic growth, rather than exclusively focusing on controlling inflation. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) lowered the benchmark repo rate by 25 basis points to 6.25%, citing headline inflation convergi

Banxico Minutes: More Cuts on the Way

February 21, 2025 9:57 PM UTC

Banxico cut the policy rate by 50 bps to 9.5%, signaling a more dovish stance as inflation trends downward. The board cited weak domestic demand and improved inflation prospects but highlighted risks from U.S. policy uncertainty, tariffs, and immigration effects. While most members supported a 50 bp

Argentina: Primary Surpluses Continues

February 20, 2025 6:18 PM UTC

Argentina’s fiscal anchor under Milei remains the key stabilizer, with inflation gradually declining and the crawling peg rate cut to 1% monthly. A primary surplus of USD 8 billion was achieved in 2024 through spending cuts, while capital controls and IMF support help manage low reserves. For 2025

Bank Indonesia Policy Review: Rate Pause As BI Steadies IDR

February 20, 2025 1:25 AM UTC

In line with our view Bank Indonesia kept its policy rate steady at 5.75% in its February 18-19 meeting after last month’s surprise cut. The weakening rupiah and external uncertainties reman critical factors influencing the rate decision. The central bank is likely to assess the impact of its Janu

Mexico: Tariffs and Growth Issues Could Impose Fiscal Difficulties

February 19, 2025 10:20 PM UTC

Mexico aims for fiscal consolidation in 2025, relying on revenue growth while freezing most expenditures. However, weak growth could undermine this strategy. Authorities expect 2–3% GDP growth, but our forecast is 1.6%, with a recession risk. A less integrated U.S.-Mexico trade relationship, parti

U.S. 25% Tariff for Cars, Pharma and Semiconductors?

February 19, 2025 1:40 PM UTC

·        Tariff reality in the spring and summer will likely be both tariff threats to negotiate trade deals and permanently higher tariffs in certain products and reciprocally to raise revenue for the U.S. government – along Peter Navarro guidance to Trump.  The macro effects of this cou

Reciprocal Tariffs and Reducing Bilateral Trade Imbalances

February 17, 2025 10:28 AM UTC

·       President Trump’s executive order on reciprocal tariffs has not produced much market reaction, both as the proposals will not be delivered to the president until April 1 and the process of Commerce/U.S. Treasury and Homeland Security input is seen reducing the odds of penal tariffs.

Argentina CPI Review: January Relief but Inflation Fight Continues

February 14, 2025 7:05 PM UTC

Argentina’s CPI rose 2.2% in January, slightly below forecasts, with Y/Y inflation dropping to 84% from 116%. Core CPI increased by 2.4%, accumulating 75% annual inflation. Inflation is expected to decline as devaluation effects fade, though inertia may keep it above 2% in the first half. Services

CBR Held Key Rate Constant at 21% on February 14

February 14, 2025 12:24 PM UTC

Bottom Line: As we predicted, Central Bank of Russia (CBR) kept the policy rate constant on February 14 for the second consecutive time supported by the recent RUB strengthening while the inflation remains elevated. CBR said in its statement on February 14 that current inflationary pressures remain

Bank Indonesia Policy Preview: Rate Pause Likely as Rupiah Stability Takes Priority

February 13, 2025 4:55 AM UTC

Bank Indonesia is expected to keep rates steady at 5.75% in its February 18-19 meeting after last month’s surprise cut. While inflation remains low and growth is steady, the weakening rupiah and external uncertainties may delay further easing. The central bank is likely to assess the impact of its

Trump’s Tariffs: Steel Then Reciprocal and Then Cars

February 11, 2025 1:23 PM UTC

 The 25% Steel and Aluminum tariff could have small to modest adverse inflation and GDP growth impacts on the U.S., but the prospect of reciprocal and more product and country tariffs create trade policy uncertainty/supply chain disruption and paperwork problems.  This could amplify the impact of

Mexico CPI Review: Inflation Falls as Demand Eases

February 10, 2025 7:14 PM UTC

Mexico’s CPI rose 0.3% in January, below its 0.6% historical average but in line with expectations. Y/Y inflation fell to 3.6%, the lowest since Jan/2021. Core CPI rose 0.4%, with core goods up 0.7% and services up 0.2%. Non-core CPI fell 0.13%, led by a 1.5% drop in agricultural goods. The econom

Markets and Trump’s Early Days

February 10, 2025 7:55 AM UTC

  The early days of the new Trump administration has seen lots of volatility around the on-off tariffs with Canada and Mexico, but the more stable U.S. Treasury market has helped provide an anchor.  U.S. Treasuries have shift towards the view that the 10yr budget bill will be delayed until H2 and

Banxico Review: 50 bps Cut as Expected

February 8, 2025 9:39 PM UTC

Banxico cut the policy rate by 50bps to 10.5%, with a cautious stance and a split vote. Inflation has fallen but remains above target, expected to converge to 3.0% by Q3 2026. Global risks, including Trump’s tariff threats, add uncertainty. Despite economic weakness, some monetary tightening may s

Monetary Policy Reset: RBI’s Balancing Act Begins

February 7, 2025 4:57 PM UTC

The RBI has cut the repo rate by 25 basis points to 6.25%, marking its first reduction in five years. While aimed at supporting growth, the central bank maintains a neutral stance, signaling caution amid global uncertainties. Inflation is projected to ease, but risks from trade disruptions and finan

Argentina: Lower Rates, Conditions to Lift the Controls

February 6, 2025 6:16 PM UTC

The Argentine Central Bank cut rates to 29%, citing improved inflation expectations. Rather than using a contractionary policy, it aims to curb monetary base growth through fiscal consolidation. Inflation is below 3%, with a 2% target feasible by mid-year. However, the 1% crawling peg risks eroding

Fixing The U.S. Trade Deficit

February 6, 2025 2:30 PM UTC

  New U.S. trade deals will likely make slow progress in reducing bilateral trade deficits as the underlying drivers behind the U.S. trade deficit are macro forces.  While the U.S. economy outperforms other major trading partners; the value of the USD remains overvalued and as long as tariffs are

CBR Will Likely Hold Key Rate Constant at 21% on February 14

February 6, 2025 10:05 AM UTC

Bottom Line: After Central Bank of Russia (CBR) held the key rate stable at 21% on December 20 despite expectations were centered around a rate hike, we now foresee that the rate will be kept constant on February 14 taking into account that January will likely bring a little inflation relief support

RBI Monetary Policy Preview: MPC to Deliver a Rate Cut

February 6, 2025 7:50 AM UTC

With the RBI’s policy review around the corner, all eyes are on how the central bank will tackle India’s slowing growth momentum and the increased currency volatility. The RBI is likely to cut rate by 25bps to 6.25% on February 8. Imported inflation will remain a key concern. 

China/U.S. Trade War and next To Talks?

February 4, 2025 10:02 AM UTC

China’s targeted and measured counter tariffs against the U.S. are designed to push the U.S. towards the negotiating table on the wider issue of the U.S./China trade deficit.  Negotiating will likely start into the spring, but negotiating will be tough as the U.S. wants a phase 2 deal with new ob

Mexico GDP Review: 0.6% Contraction in Q4 and Recession Risks

January 31, 2025 6:34 PM UTC

Mexico’s GDP shrank by 0.6% in Q4 2024, bringing annual growth to 1.5%, well below previous years. The industrial sector led the decline, driven by uncertainty over Trump’s election and weaker investment, while agriculture also contracted sharply. Monetary tightening, lower U.S. demand, and poli

As Expected, SARB Cut the Key Rate to 7.5% on January 30

January 30, 2025 4:54 PM UTC

Bottom Line: After StatsSA announced on January 22 that annual inflation stood at 3.0% in December, which is below midpoint of target band of 3% - 6%, South African Reserve Bank (SARB) decided to cut the key rate from 7.75% to 7.5% on January 30 as inflation remains moderate, power cuts (loadsheddin

Bank Indonesia’s Policy Shift: Is More Easing on the Horizon?

January 28, 2025 9:01 AM UTC

Bank Indonesia’s surprise rate cut marks a departure from its traditionally cautious approach and underscores the central bank’s growing focus on stimulating growth. While the decision provides a much-needed boost to economic activity, it also raises questions about the future trajectory of mone

Monetary Policy Watch: Will RBI Infuse Liquidity or Cut Rates?

January 27, 2025 7:27 AM UTC

With the RBI’s policy review around the corner, all eyes are on how the central bank will tackle India’s growing liquidity crunch. Despite calls for rate cuts, the banking system's liquidity shortfall—hitting INR 3.3 trillion—poses a bigger challenge, keeping lending rates high and slowing c

SA MPC Preview: SARB will Likely Cut the Key Rate to 7.5% on January 30

January 24, 2025 1:19 PM UTC

Bottom Line: After StatsSA announced on January 22 that annual inflation stood at 3.0% in December, which is below midpoint of target band of 3% - 6%, we now think it is likely that South African Reserve Bank (SARB) will cut the key rate from 7.75% to 7.5% on January 30 as inflation remains moderate

Trump and Markets

January 23, 2025 2:16 PM UTC

Global markets will be driven by policies and current valuation in 2025, especially new Trump administration policies.  Trump could jawbone markets for a lower value of the USD and lower oil prices, which could have a temporary modest impact (joint US/Japan FX intervention is possible) but the stru

As Expected, CBRT Continued its Easing Cycle on January 23

January 23, 2025 12:06 PM UTC

Bottom Line: After Central Bank of Turkiye (CBRT) lowered its key policy rate to 47.5% on December 26, the easing cycle continued on January 23 as CBRT reduced the policy rate by 250 bps to 45% backed by the deceleration trend in inflation continued in December, monthly inflation stood below expecta

Argentina: Adjusting the Anchor

January 22, 2025 2:40 PM UTC

Argentina is refining its monetary framework as inflation stabilizes below 3.0% (m/m), marking progress after double-digit levels. Key measures include halting Peso issuance, fiscal adjustments, sterilization to stabilize the monetary base, and diminishing the pace of depreciation of the official ex

China/U.S. - Trade War or Trade Deal?

January 22, 2025 2:11 PM UTC

·       We see the April 1 review of the phase 1 U.S./China trade deal being adverse and President Trump’s carrot and stick approach leading to a 10% rise in tariffs on China imports by the summer.  We eventually see a phase 2 U.S./China trade deal being reached in Q4. The main alternative

Brazil Risk Premia and EM Debt

January 20, 2025 8:15 AM UTC

Brazil debt market has two domestic crises rather than a spillover from the U.S. in the form of inflation and fiscal policy. Very restrictive BCB policy can help produce some disinflation and we forecast 4.1% for 2026, which some allow some rate cuts in H2. Brazil risk premium will likely be reduced