Eurozone: PMI Slump Shows Energy Surge Constraining Activity, Not Just Hitting Costs

May 21, 2026 8:36 AM UTC

Once again surprising on the downside flash Eurozone Composite PMI fell to 47.5 in May from 48.8 in April and below the 50.0 no-change mark for the second successive month. The latest reading thereby signalled a further and steeper m/m reduction in business activity, was the sharpest since October 2

ECB: Not the Only Game in Town – But A Time for Hair Shirts?

May 19, 2026 11:22 AM UTC

When hearing ECB Council policy thinking one can get the impression that it sees only a direct link from changes in its policy rate to inflation rather than the latter succumbing to a range of factors, this being the transmission mechanism.  Most important of course is the economic damage that chan

Middle East Conflict: U.S. Helping Chinese Whispers?

May 15, 2026 11:26 AM UTC

 In hosting President Trump this week, China feels it is vying, if not achieving, parity with the U.S. as the world’s superpowers; from China’s perspective, it regards Russia similarly.  It does seem as if China’s goal at this summit was to get more effective flexibility in shaping Taiwan’

Eurozone: In Dire Straits?

May 8, 2026 10:55 AM UTC

Amid all the concern about the energy-induced surge in inflation resulting from the Middle East conflict, the impact on EZ real economy looks to be sizeable and growing.  High profile PMI numbers are flashing alarmingly, but the message from the April composite (at a 17-mth low) may actually be not

ECB Review: ECB Mixed Communications

April 30, 2026 2:01 PM UTC

·       Overall, the June and July meetings have live risks that the ECB could undertake a modest 25bps hike.  If a partial reopening of the Straits of Hormuz occurs then the ECB will likely keep hawkish, but not actually hike.  We feel that the ECB is overestimating natural gas prices, whi

Eurozone GDP & HICP Review: Fragile Resilience?

April 30, 2026 9:30 AM UTC

We continue to be critical of the ECB assertion (at least before the Iran War) that the EZ economy was in a ‘good place’.  This to us was too backward looking and amid some signs in both hard, soft and monetary data, that the economy going into the last quarter was soft and fragile.  Indeed, f

Eurozone: Even Tighter Corporate Credit Standards Continues and More Loans Applications Rejected

April 28, 2026 8:51 AM UTC

Given the ever clearer fall-out from the conflict in the Gulf, it was hardly a surprise of even tighter credit standards (Figure 1), thereby merely accentuating trends in the four previous Bank Lending Surveys (BLS).  At least as far as firms and especially consumers seeking credit are concerned, t

ECB Preview (Apr 30): Real Economy Buckling Already!

April 23, 2026 12:21 PM UTC

We again expect no change from the ECB on Apr 30, but President Lagarde will probably have to admit in the Q&A that unlike last time the decision was not unanimous.  Overall, the communication will again suggest upside risks for inflation and downside risks for economic growth the extent and durati

Iran Conflict – Who Has the ‘Trump’ Card

April 22, 2026 9:17 AM UTC

When Trump aspires to reaching a deal, he thinks in either black or white.  But whether it be political, economic or military the reality is that the world is always various shades of grey.  This is very much evident in the way the Iran conflict was planned by the U.S. – the expected clear and r

EZ HICP Preview (Apr 30): Headline Surges Again as Core Stabilises?

April 21, 2026 9:29 AM UTC

The first of the Iran War induced rise in prices arrived with the final March HICP data in line with expectations, as the headline rate spiked higher to 2.6% from February’s 1.9%, but with the core rate falling back (Figure 1) underscoring that this March surge was purely energy-led.  Indeed, thi

Eurozone Flash GDP Preview (Apr 30): Softer Even Before Iran Conflict?

April 20, 2026 1:20 PM UTC

We have been critical of the ECB assertion (at least before the Iran War) that the EZ economy was in a ‘good place’.  This to us was too backward looking and amid some signs in both hard, soft and monetary data, that the economy going into the last quarter was slowing.  Indeed, part of a broad

Eurozone; ECB Tone More Neutral Than Suggested by March Meeting Market Reaction?

April 16, 2026 12:18 PM UTC

Little new can be taken from the minutes to the March ECB Council 19 meeting, save that at least to us the ECB was too optimistic about growth and too pessimistic about inflation. In regard to the latter, while acknowledging tighter financial conditions, the ECB still seemed to be downplaying what a

Eurozone: ECB Downplaying Supply of Credit as it Focuses on its Cost

April 14, 2026 1:35 PM UTC

Even amid increasing suggestions that the Middle East conflict will reap marked real economy damage that should limit the length and extent of any inflation surge, markets are still pricing in almost three 25 bp ECB hikes in the coming year.  We think this is still very excessive and reflects an ou

Eurozone: Manufacturing Seeing Excess Supply Not Excess Demand

April 8, 2026 11:13 AM UTC

In Europe generally, but especially in the EZ, it will be manufacturing that will bear the brunt of the recent jump in energy prices, where industrial electricity prices even before the conflict started were among the highest globally. While high energy costs affect all sectors, manufacturing’s re

Eurozone Labor Market: A Structural and Disinflationary Shift?

April 1, 2026 10:00 AM UTC

That we think the ECB is being optimistic about the real economy and labor market outlook is almost an understatement made all the more so since the outbreak of the Iran War.  In the ECB’s latest baseline scenario, recession is clearly avoided and the jobless rate, while revised a little higher (

EZ HICP Review: Headline Surges as Core Slips Back?

March 31, 2026 9:44 AM UTC

The first of the Iran War induced rise in prices has arrived but with the flash March HICP data a little below expectations, both the consensus and that of the ECB.  Instead, the headline rate spiked higher to 2.5% from February’s 1.9%, but with the core rate falling back (Figure 1) underscoring

EZ HICP Preview (Mar 31): Headline to Surge but Core to Slip Back?

March 26, 2026 1:54 PM UTC

The first of the Iran War induced rise in prices arrive in the coming week with flash March HICP data.  We see the headline rate spiking higher to 2.6%-2.7 from February’s 1.9%, the former largely chiming with that implied ECB thinking from the latter’s recent updated projections.  But both it

Eurozone Outlook: Conflicts of Interest

March 24, 2026 9:55 AM UTC

·       Under our more likely view of limited further fighting in the Middle East, we see oil and gas prices largely falling back to the pre-war levels within a year, with the current situation very different from that of 2022 and the Ukraine War in which the EZ lost access to Russian gas as

DM Rates Outlook: Mixed Policy Rate and Yield Paths

March 24, 2026 8:46 AM UTC

·        The multi quarter outlook for DM rates depends on the length of the Iran war Our baseline is that it will be a 4-8 week war (here) and a 3-4 quarter retracement of oil prices back to pre-war levels – longer from Europe and Asian gas prices. We forecast WTI down to USD80-85 by June

ECB Review: Not Such a Good Place!

March 19, 2026 2:49 PM UTC

With no change in policy expected and this being delivered unanimously, the ECB underlined its determination to ensure that inflation stabilises at the 2% target in the medium term. Unsurprisingly, it stressed how the Middle East conflict has made the outlook significantly more uncertain, creating u

ECB Preview (Mar 19): No Longer in a Good Place?

March 11, 2026 2:53 PM UTC

With no change in policy expected, what the ECB says is the most important aspect of the ECB meeting next week, both explicitly and implicitly via its updated forecasts (Figure 1).  Both are likely to underscore that rate hikes are certainly possible if the almost inevitable inflation rise proves t

EZ HICP Review: Core Rate Spikes as Upside Inflation Risks Return

March 3, 2026 10:35 AM UTC

Having dropped to 1.7% in the January data, thereby matching expectations and the short-lived Sep 24 outcome, it is likely especially in view of the Middle East conflict that the headline HICP rate may not be any lower through this year and into next.  Indeed, we headline rate rose 0.2 ppt to 1.9%

EZ HICP Preview (Mar 3): ECB Too Focused on Services Inflation as Goods May Soon Take Core Below Target

February 25, 2026 1:54 PM UTC

Having dropped to 1.7% in the January data, thereby matching expectations and the short-lived Sep 24 outcome, it is possible that the headline HICP rate may not be any lower through this year and into next.  Indeed, we see the headline rate edging up to 1.8% in the February flash mainly due to ener

ECB: Papering Over the Cracks

February 5, 2026 2:51 PM UTC

·       As widely expected the ECB kept the policy rate unchanged at the February meeting.  The broad message remains that the ECB Council is comfortable with current policy rates, which provides short-term forward guidance of no change in rates.  This message came from the ECB statement an

EZ HICP Review: Services Inflation Less Resilient as Core Hits Cycle-Low

February 4, 2026 11:19 AM UTC

Having been range bound for some 5-6 months between 2.0% and 2.2% until November but after a fall to 1.9% in December headline HICP inflation dropped to 1.7% in the flash January data, thereby matching expectations and the short-lived Sep 24 outcome.  The drop came in spite of higher food inflation

EZ HICP Preview (Feb 4): Services Inflation Less Resilient as Headline to Slip Further

February 2, 2026 12:07 PM UTC

HICP inflation had been range bound for some 5-6 months between 2.0% and 2.2% with the November and October numbers in the middle of that range. And it seemingly stayed in that range falling to 2.0% in the December flash numbers, only to be revised down a further notch to 1.9% in the final HICP figu

ECB Preview: After GDP and Before Feb Meeting

January 30, 2026 10:05 AM UTC

·       Most on the ECB council appear to be comfortable with steady policy in H1 2026, after a cumulative 200bps of cuts.  This will likely be the overall message from the February 5 ECB meeting. This will paper over differences for 2027 among ECB council members. However, we agree with the

ECB Steady Signals, But

January 19, 2026 8:55 AM UTC

•    We remain of the view that financial conditions and lending rates are worse than the current ECB depo rate level suggest and means that 2026 EZ growth does not really pick-up.  Combined with a mild undershoot in inflation, this can build the case for the ECB to deliver two 25bps cuts.  

DM Government Debt: 2026 Supply & Voters’ Resistance To Fiscal Consolidation

January 14, 2026 11:55 AM UTC

·        We see the most persistent issue being supply (budget deficit + QT) in 2026, which should lessen into 2027 with a slowdown in ECB/BOE QT and a partial U turn by the BOJ.  However, governments are also struggling with electorates that are resistant to higher taxes or lower governmen

EZ HICP Review: Services Inflation Still Resilient But Core Goods Soften Further

January 7, 2026 10:44 AM UTC

HICP inflation has been range bound for the last 5-6 months between 2.0% and 2.2% with the November and October numbers in the middle of that range. And it stayed in that range falling to 2.0% in the December flash numbers, albeit where adverse rounding pre vented a fall to 1.9%.  We see this as th

EZ HICP Preview (Jan 7): Is Services Inflation Problematic?

December 19, 2025 11:10 AM UTC

HICP inflation has been range bound for the last 5-6 months between 2.0% and 2.2% with the November and October numbers in the middle of that range. But we see the headline rate falling out of that range in December to 1.9%, this preceding what may be a short-lived fall toward 1.5% in H1 2026.  Som

ECB Review: On Hold Message to Convert to Easing on Disinflation

December 18, 2025 3:09 PM UTC

·       The ECB increased its 2026 GDP and inflation forecast and appears happy with current policy rate levels.  However, still tight financial conditions, plus easing wage growth, point to disinflation and growth disappointment.  We see this switch the ECB from an on hold message to easin

DM Rates Outlook: 2026 Yield Curve Steepening Before 2027 Flattening

December 17, 2025 9:21 AM UTC

·       Multi quarter, we still look for 50bps of further Fed easing by end 2026, which will likely initially bring 2yr yields down to 3.35%.  However, once the Fed Funds rate get closer to 3.0-3.25% and the assumed slowdown turns into a soft landing, the 2yr will likely move to a premium ve

Eurozone Outlook: Running to Keep Fiscally Still?

December 11, 2025 10:09 AM UTC

·       Amid what may still be tightening financial conditions and likely protracted trade uncertainty, we retain our below consensus activity forecast for 2026 but see a fiscally driven pick-up into 2027. However, the picture this year appears to be slightly better but the economy has actual

ECB Preview (Dec 18): Still in Good Place – or Even Better?

December 9, 2025 7:52 AM UTC

A fourth successive stable policy decision will be the almost inevitable outcome of the ECB Council meeting verdict on Dec 18, with the discount rate left at 2.0%.  The likely unanimous vote will mask splits about whether policy has troughed or not, this mainly a result of differences within the Co

December 2, 2025 10:51 AM UTC

With what were previously unfavourable energy-related base effects reversing, EZ inflation edged down 0.1 ppt to 2.1% in October, largely in line with consensus thinking, but with the main core rate stable at 2.4%.  This reversed in the flash November numbers in what was an outcome a notch above bo

Eurozone: Tighter Corporate Credit Standards Continues and More Loans Applications Rejected

November 27, 2025 1:36 PM UTC

Given the early January timing of the survey, which far from fully embraced the added uncertainty caused by President Trump’s trade threats, it was still hardly a surprise despite that the reported net tightening credit standards merely accentuates trends in the three previous Bank Lending Surveys

November 24, 2025 2:19 PM UTC

The HICP inflation picture has clouded somewhat of late at least to some. With what were previously unfavourable energy-related base effects reversing, EZ inflation edged down 0.1 ppt to 2.1% in October, largely in line with consensus thinking, but with the main core rate stable at 2.4%.  The latte

ECB – In a Good Place or Just Complacent?

November 14, 2025 11:55 AM UTC

The ECB is of the view that downside growth risks have dissipated somewhat, this possibly helped by its recent actions which it suggests leave its current policy stance in a good place.  However, amid a hint of what we think is a complacent upgrade about the EZ’s alleged resilience, we think, the

EZ Rates: 2026 ECB Easing But 2027 French Crisis?

November 11, 2025 9:45 AM UTC

·       Financial conditions are tighter than suggested by a 2% ECB depo rate, which will both dampen an EZ economic pick-up and cause further disinflation.  We see the ECB delivering two further 25bps cuts to a 1.5% ECB depo rate, which can mean a further decline in 2yr Bund yields.  Howev

EZ HICP Review: Services Inflation Problematic?

October 31, 2025 10:39 AM UTC

With what were previously unfavourable energy-related base effects reversing, EZ inflation edged down 0.1 ppt to 2.1% in October, largely in line with consensus thinking, but with the main core rate stable at 2.4%.  The latter reflected a slight pick-up in services (up 0.2 ppt to a six-mth high of

ECB Review: Hedging its Bets, Hoping to Stay in a Good Place

October 30, 2025 3:23 PM UTC

There ie nothing tangible in the ECB update today to suggest that a further easing is likely at the next meeting on Dec 17-18.  However, amid a hint of what we think is a complacent upgrade about the EZ’s resilience alongside a perceived reduction in global risks, the easing window has not been c

October 30, 2025 10:25 AM UTC

 It continues to be the case that, for an economy that has seen repeated upside surprises and apparently above trend growth, now some 1.3% in the year to Q3, GDP data do not seem to have had much impact is shaping, let alone dominating, ECB policy thinking save to encourage a Council view of EZ eco

Eurozone: Tighter Credit Standards By EZ Banks Confirmed

October 28, 2025 9:44 AM UTC

Hardly a surprise despite the ECB suggestions to the contrary as the reported net tightening credit standards merely accentuates trends in the two previous Bank Lending Surveys (BLS).  This updated BLS therefore echoes what we have seen in other ECB surveys and in actual credit dynamics and thus un

ECB Monetary Worries Emerging as Corporate Credit Dynamics Weaken More Clearly

October 27, 2025 10:36 AM UTC

As a foretaste of the Bank Lending Survey BLS) due tomorrow, the ECB released two associated pieces of data today, both corroborating and continuing an ever worrying pattern, namely weakness in corporate credit. The data showed growth in later has fallen to its lowest in almost two years (Figure 1).

EZ HICP Preview (Oct 31): No Halloween Horror from HICP Update

October 23, 2025 12:09 PM UTC

Mainly due to unfavourable base effects, EZ inflation has edged up in the last few months, but we think that this is temporary and that a fresh fall, possible to below the 2% target may occur in the October flash numbers – with a formal forecast of a 0.3 ppt drop to 1.9% and the core falling almos

Eurozone Flash GDP Preview (Oct 30): Resilience in the Dock?

October 22, 2025 9:11 AM UTC

As we highlighted repeatedly of late, for an economy that has seen repeated upside surprises and apparently above trend growth, now some 1.4% in the year to Q2, GDP data do not seem to have had much impact is shaping, let alone dominating, ECB policy thinking. But we think this may shift as the ECB

October 21, 2025 12:55 PM UTC

As with recent Council meetings, what is important when the ECB gives its next (almost certain) stable verdict on Oct 30, is not what it says.  Instead, in particular, it is how much the impression is left that the easing window has not closed. The ECB is clearly split about whether policy has trou

October 17, 2025 10:24 AM UTC

The ECB is clearly split about whether policy has troughed or not, this mainly a result of differences within the Council as to where inflation risks lie.  Hawks perceive upside risks emerging while the dovish camp feels the opposite.  These divisions are likely to magnify when the ECB updates its